Wood Specific Gravity of Trees Outside Forest in India: A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55863/ijees.2025.0838Keywords:
Carbon stock, climate change, India, Trees Outside Forest, Wood Specific Gravity, Biomass estimationAbstract
Wood Specific Gravity (WSG) is one of the most important and significant parameters for accurately estimating the aboveground biomass and carbon stocks of trees. In India, estimation of Biomass and carbon stocks for Trees Outside Forest (TOF) often relies on generalized or international WSG databases, leading to significant uncertainties in national carbon inventories. This study addresses this gap by developing the first comprehensive, national-level WSG inventory specifically for TOF in India. Through a systematic review of 103 peer-reviewed articles and 3 grey literature reports, we compiled an extensive database of WSG values. The resulting inventory covers 216 tree individuals belonging to 120 species, 86 genera, and 37 families, categorized by TOF system (agroforestry, urban plantations, rural plantation and mixed systems), growth stage (juvenile and mature), and geographical location. Our results reveal substantial WSG variability, with values ranging from 0.20 (Ailanthus excelsa) to 0.96 (Hymenodictyon excelsum). Variations were observed between TOF categories and, critically, between mature and juvenile growth stages, with mature trees generally exhibiting higher wood density. The compiled data demonstrates that using context-specific WSG values from this inventory can substantially reduce errors compared to using generic values. This dataset provides a critical resource for improving the precision of biomass and carbon accounting for India’s TOF, thereby supporting national climate change mitigation strategies, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, with conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) reporting, and sustainable land management policies.
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