Histopathological, Hematological and Genotoxic Study on Channa punctata (Bloch 1793) Treated with a Sub-Lethal Dose of Organophosphate Pesticide Malathion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55863/ijees.2025.0632Keywords:
Fish, Hematology, Histology, Micronucleus, InsecticideAbstract
Application of pesticides could represent a contaminant source for the aquatic environment and thus affect aquatic fauna. Fish are often used as indicators of pesticide water contamination. Therefore, the present study deals with the effect of Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, on the histological, hematological (total leukocyte count), and genotoxic study on a freshwater teleost Channa punctata. In the present study, the effect of a sub-lethal concentration of 1.3 ml/L of Malathion (1/5th of LC50) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs on hematological changes (total leukocyte count), Histopathological changes in gill, liver and kidney and genotoxic effect through micronucleus test of C. punctata was studied. The WBC count increased during the study’s exposure period. Structural variations like epithelial lifting, fusion and curling of secondary lamellae, hyperplasia in secondary lamellae, and aneurysms were observed in fish gills; distended sinusoids, necrosis and vacuolation in the fish liver were observed. Moreover, necrosis, vacuole formation, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, degeneration of interstitium, and necrosis in hematopoietic tissue were observed in the kidney of C. punctata. The mean frequency of micronuclei induction increased with the exposure time, which was the highest in 96 hrs of treatment.
References
Anonymous. 2001. Desert Locust Guidelines. Control (Ed. H. Dobson). FAO Rome, Italy. 4, 85.
Bhadbhade, B.J., Sarnaik, S.S. and Kanekar, P.P. 2002. Bioremediation of an industrial effluent containing monocrotophos. Current Microbiology, 45(5), 346-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3681-1
Bruslé, J. and Anadon, G.G. 1996. The structure and function of fish liver. pp. 77-93. In: Munshi, J.S.D.and Dutta, H.M. (Eds.) Fish Morphology: Horizon of New research. A.A. Balkema, Brookfield. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203755990
Butchiram, M.S., Tilak, K.S. and Raju, P.W. 2009. Studies on histopathological changes in the gill, liver and kidney of Channa punctata (Bloch) exposed to Alachlor. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(2), 303-306.http://jeb.co.in./journal_issues/200903_mar09/paper_25.pdf
Deepasree, M.I. and Nair, M.S.R. 2017. Histological and protein profile alterations of liver of freshwater fishChanna punctata (Bloch), on exposure to fungicide, Fytran. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(6), 1370-1374.https://www.ijsr.net/get_count.php?paper_id= ART20174526
Devi, Y. and Mishra, A. 2013. Histopathological alterations in gill and liver anotomy of fresh water, air breathing fish Channa punctata after pesticide Hilban®(Chlorpyrifos) treatment. Advances in Bioresearch, 4(2), 321-330.https://soeagra.com/abr/june2013/10.pdf
Hazarika, R., Das, P., Baruah, C. 2015. Effect of Ipomea carnea (JACQ) leaf extract on the brain tissue of Heteroneustes fossilis. International Research Journal of Environmental Science, 4(4), 22-25.https://www.isca.me/IJENS/Archive/v4/i4/4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-264.pdf
Larramendy, M. L. and Soloneski, S. (Eds.). 2015. Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals. InTech. Rijeka, Croatia. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59450
Mathur, S.C. 1999. Future of Indian pesticides industry in next millennium. Pesticide Information, 24(4), 9- 23.
Nwani, C.D. and Echi, P.C. 2013. Investigation on acute toxicity and behavioral changes in a freshwater African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(4), 959-965. https://zsp.com.pk/pdf45/959-965%20_12_%20PJZ-1232-13%203-7-13%20Nwani-%20Revised%20Manuscript%20PJZ%5B2%5D.pdf
Pandey, S., Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Nagpure, N.S., Srivastava, S.K. and Verma, M.S. 2005. Acute toxicity bioassays of mercuric chloride and Malathion on air-breathing fish Channa punctata (Bloch). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 61(1), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.004
Parveen, N. and Shadab, G.G.H.A. 2011. Evaluation of micronuclei and haematological profiles as genotoxic assays in Channa punctata exposed to Malathion. International Journal of Science and Nature, 2, 625-631. https://www.scienceandnature.org/IJSN/IJSN_ Vol2(3)S2011/IJSN-VOL2(3)-34.pdf
Prashanth, M.S. 2011. Histopathological changes observed in the kidney of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) exposed to Cypermethrin. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(2), 59-65. https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/view/596
Pugazhvendan, S.R., Narendiran, N.J., Kumaran, R.G., Kumaran, S. and Alagappan, K.M. 2009. Effect of Malathion toxicity in the freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctata-A histological and histochemical study. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1(3), 218-224.https://www.idosi.org/wjfms/wjfms1(3)09/11.pdf
Srivastava, P., Singh, A. and Pandey, A.K. 2016. Pesticides toxicity in fishes: Biochemical, physiological and genotoxic aspects. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 16(2), 199-218.https://connectjournals.com/file_html_pdf/2570102H_199A.pdf
Stoyanova, S., Yancheva, V.S., Velcheva, I., Uchikova, E. and Georgieva, E. 2015. Histological alterations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) gills as potential biomarkers for fungicide contamination. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 58(5), 757-764.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132015050151
Sulodia, S., Singh, S. and Sharma, H.N. 2014. Histopathological changes in kidney of Channa punctata (Bloch) under stress of Folidol. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 5(3), 86-90.https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/279082-histopathological-changes-in-kidney-of-c-3dfcfecc.pdf
Velmurugan, B., Selvanayagam, M., Cengiz, E.I. and Unlu, E. 2009. Histopathological changes in the gill and liver tissues of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to Dichlorvos. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 52, 1291-1296. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132009000500029
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Anjela Ahmed, Banasri Mech, Hena Parbin, Taslema Begum, Shehnaz Siddika Rasid , MD. Akib Hussain
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
