Upright Stratification of Vascular Epiphytes in Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, Eastern Himalaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55863/ijees.2024.3209Keywords:
Conservation, Natural Vegetation, Vascular epiphytes, Vertical zonation, DiversityAbstract
Vascular epiphyte makes a significant contribution to the tropical and sub-tropical diversity. In this study vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes and their significance presence were analysed within the Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary. Tree species were sampled upon which VEA (Vascular epiphytic assemblage) were studied by using binocular and rope climbing method. A total of 1057 individual epiphytes representing 59 species belonging to 10 families were sampled. Trees were grouped over heights, DBH and Vertical distribution according to zonation pattern confirmed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Orchids and ferns were found dominant species of the study area.
References
Adhikari, Y.P., Hoffmann, S., Kunwar, R.M., Babrowski, M., Jentsch, A. and Beierkuhnlein, C. 2021. Vascular epiphyte diversity and host tree architecture in two forest management types in the Himalaya. Global Ecology and Conservation, 27, e01544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01544
Anonymous. nd. Virtual Herbarium. Botanical Survey of India. https://ivh.bsi.gov.in. accessed in 2023
Anonymous. 2024. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from https://powo.science .kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names: 77171146-1. Accessed several times in 2024.
Benzing, D.H. 1987. Vascular epiphytism: Taxonomic participation and adaptive diversity. Annales of Missouri Botanical Garden, 74(2), 183-204. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399394
Benzing, D.H. 1990. Vascular Epiphytes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Bhuyan, P., Khan, M.L. and Tripathi, R.S. 2003. Tree diversity and population structure in undisturbed and human-impacted stands of tropical wet evergreen forest in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1753- 1773. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023619017786
Bose, T.K and Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1999. Orchids of India. Revised Edition. Naya Prokash. Calcutta, India.
Bogh, A. 1992. Composition and distribution of the vascular epiphyte flora of an ecuadorian montane rain forest. Selbyana, 13, 25-34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41759789
Brisseau-Mirbel, C.F. 1815. Élemens de physiologie végétaleet de botanique, 2nd edn. Magimel, Paris. 600 pages.
Cardelús, C.L. and Chazdon, R.L. 2005. Inner-crown microenvironments of two emergent tree species in a lowland wet forest. Biotropica, 37(2), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00032.x
Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. 2005. A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India. Natraj Publisher, New Delhi, India.
Das, A.P., Samanta, A. and Ghosh, C. 2010. A checklist of angiospermic climbers of Darjiling and Sikkim parts of eastern Himalaya including Terai and Duars. Pleione, 4, 185-206. http://pleione.ehsst.org/journals/Pleione42/004%20Climbers%20of%20Darjeeling_Sikkim.pdf
Freiberg, M. and Freiberg, E. 2000. Epiphyte diversity and biomass in the canopy of lowland and montane forests in Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 673-688. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400001644
Flores-Argüelles, A., Espejo-Serna, A., López-Ferrari, A.R. and Krömer, T. 2022. Diversity and vertical distribution of epiphytic angiosperms, in natural and disturbed forest on the northern coast of Jalisco, Mexico. Frontiers in Global Change, 5, 828851. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022. 828851
Gautam, M.K., Manhas, R.K. and Tripathi, A.K. 2016. Patterns of diversity and regeneration in unmanaged moist deciduous forests in response to disturbance in Shiwalik Himalayas, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 9, 144- 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.01.004
Gentry, A.H. and Dodson, C.H. 1987. Diversity and biogeography of neotropical vascular epiphytes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 74(2), 205-233. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399395
Gradstein, S.R., Nadkarni, N.M., Khrömer, T., Holz, I. and Nöske, N. 2003. A protocol for rapid and representative sampling of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte diversity of tropical rain forests. Selbyana, 24(1), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.2307/41750962
Hill, M.O. and Gauch, Jr., H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique. Vegetatio, 42, 47-58. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20145789
Holland, S.M. 2008. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2501. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23014756
Isaza, C., Betancur, J. and Este´vez-Varon, J.V. 2004. Vertical distribution of bromeliads in a montane forest in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. Selbyana, 25(1), 126-137. https://journals.flvc.org/selbyana/article/view/121517
Kumar, S., and Rana, S. and Singh, G. 2017. Assessment of tree alpha diversity in Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, Eastern Himalaya. Pleione, 11, 315-328. https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.11.2.2017.315-328.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C., de Fonseca, G.A.B. and Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Mallick, D., Paul, P., Pal, A., Mondal, S. and Chowdhury, M. 2021. Diversity of Arboreal Spermatophytes in three MPCAs of India: With Special Reference to West Bengal. Indian Forester, 147(12), 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2021/v147i12/158451
Mallick, D., Dasgupta, S., Paul, P., Mondal, S., Pal, A. and Chowdhury, M. 2022. Tree Diversity in Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests of Gorumara National Park, India. Indian Forester, 148(11):1079-1093. https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2022/v148i11/169264
Mojiol, A.R., Jitinu, A.M.A., Adella, A., Ganang, G.M. and Nasly, N. 2009. Vascular epiphytes diversity at Pusat Sejadi, Kawang forest reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v2n1p121
Nadkarni, N.M. 1994. Diversity of species and interactions in the upper tree canopy of forest ecosystems. American Zoologist, 34, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/34.1.70
Nieder, J., Engwald, S., Klawun, M. and Barthlott, W. 2000. Spatial distribution of vascular epiphytes (including hemiepiphytes) in a lowland amazonian rain forest (Surumoni crane plot) of southern Venezuela. Biotropica, 32(3), 385-396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2663871
Paul, P., Dhar, S., Das, D. and Chowdhury, M. 2020. Herbarium Technique: Evolution from Conventional to Digitization. Orange Books Publication,
Perry, D.R. 1978. A method of access into the crowns of emergent and canopy trees. Biotropica, 10(2), 155-157. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388019
Purohit, A.N. and Dhar, U. 1997. Himalayan tree diversity - An Update. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy, B63, 187-209.
Prain, D. 1903. Bengal Plants, Vol. 1-2. First Indian Reprint (1963), Bishen Singh, Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
Pos, E.T. and Sleegers, A.D.M. 2010. Vertical distribution and ecology of vascular epiphytes in a lowland tropical rain forest of Brazil. Boletim Do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciencias Naturals, 5(3), 335-344. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v5i3.633
Quaresema, A.C., Piedade M.T.F. and Feitosa, Y.O. 2017. Composition, diversity and structure of vascular epiphytes in two contrasting Central Amazonian floodplain ecosystems. Acta Botanica Brasilia, 31(4), 686-697. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0156
Ranjan, V., Lakshminarasimhan, P., Dash, S.S. and Chowdhery, H.J. 2016. Flora of West Bengal Volume: 3, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
Sarkar, A.K., Dey, M. and Mazumdar, M. 2017. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology. 5 (2), 045-052. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2017.50207
Shankar, U. 2001. A case of high tree diversity in a sal (Shorea robusta)-dominated lowland forest of Eastern Himalaya: Floristic composition, regeneration and conservation. Current Science, 81, 776-786. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24106397
Singh, S., Malik, Z.A. and Sharma, C.M. 2016. Tree species richness, diversity, and regeneration status in different oak (Quercus spp.) dominated forests of Garhwal Himalaya, India Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 9, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.002
Štípková, Z., Tsiftsis, S. and Kindlmann P. 2020. Pollination mechanisms are driving orchid distribution in space. Scientific Reports, 10, 850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57871-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Roshni Chowdhury, Monoranjan Chowdhury
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
